Cortisol (9am)

What is Cortisol?

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, playing a key role in regulating metabolism, immune response, and the body’s stress response. Often referred to as the “stress hormone,” it helps the body respond to stressful situations by releasing energy and maintaining balance.

• Produced by the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys.
• Helps regulate blood sugar levels, metabolism, and inflammation.
• Plays a critical role in the “fight or flight” stress response.
• Maintains blood pressure and cardiovascular function.

What Causes High Cortisol Levels?

High cortisol levels, also known as hypercortisolism, can result from chronic stress, medical conditions, or lifestyle factors. Prolonged elevated cortisol levels can lead to various health problems.
Chronic stress from work, relationships, or life challenges.

• Medical conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome.
• Certain medications, especially corticosteroids.
• Poor sleep habits or sleep disorders.
• Excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption.

Symptoms of High Cortisol

High cortisol levels can have widespread effects on the body, often resulting in noticeable physical and emotional symptoms.
Unexplained weight gain, especially around the abdomen.

• Fatigue and difficulty sleeping.
• Increased susceptibility to infections.
• Mood swings, anxiety, or depression.
• High blood pressure and elevated blood sugar levels.

How to Lower Your Cortisol Levels

If you are experiencing high cortisol levels, how you reduce them will depend on what’s causing them to rise.

If high levels are caused by an underlying medical issue, like a pituitary gland or adrenal gland problem, or because you are taking medication like the oral contraceptive pill, you will need to consult your doctor for advice and to devise a plan.

If you experience high cortisol because of chronic or prolonged exposure to stress, there are several lifestyle changes you can make to naturally reduce your levels. They include:

• Prioritise good, restful sleep
• Practice mindfulness
• Exercise regularly
• Do something you enjoy every day
• Laugh
• Stay connected with friends and family
• Look after a pet
• Follow a healthy diet
• Manage stress and recognise stressful thinking

What Causes Low Cortisol Levels?

Low cortisol levels, or hypocortisolism, occur when the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate amounts of the hormone. This can result from underlying medical conditions or disruptions in hormone regulation.

• Addison’s disease, an autoimmune condition affecting the adrenal glands.
• Adrenal insufficiency due to prolonged steroid use.
• Pituitary gland disorders that impact cortisol regulation.
• Genetic conditions affecting adrenal function.

Symptoms of Low Cortisol Levels

Low cortisol can lead to serious health issues, often causing symptoms that affect energy, mood, and overall well-being.

• Extreme fatigue and weakness.
• Unintended weight loss and reduced appetite.
• Low blood pressure and dizziness.
• Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
• Darkening of the skin in certain areas (in severe cases).

Written by Leanne Edermaniger

Based in the UK, Leanne specialises in writing about health, medicine, nutrition, and fitness.

She has over 5 years of experience in writing about health and lifestyle and has a BSc (hons) Biomedical Science and an MSc Science, Communication and Society.